Authors:
Gregori, A., Gregori, F.
Year / Status:
2026
Journal / Venue:
Journal of Phonetics, volume 117
DOI / URL:
10.1016/j.wocn.2026.101503
Abstract
This study investigates how the temporal alignment of prosody and gesture is affected by focus in German, examining both unimodal (prosodic) and multimodal (gesture-prosody) hyperarticulation. Specifically, we address two research questions: (i) does the realization of German falling pitch accents vary as a function of focus (versus background), and (ii) does gesture–prosody alignment vary as a function of focus? Drawing on Hypo- and Hyperarticulation (H&H) theory which assumes that speakers will adapt the articulatory precision of speech to signal the importance of specific information to a listener, we hypothesize that focused constituents show tighter unimodal prosodic and multimodal temporal alignment between gesture and prosody than background constituents. We conducted a corpus study on German data from the SaGA corpus, running two analyses: a unimodal prosodic analysis of the slopes of falling accents (n = 345) and a multimodal analysis of the temporal alignment of gesture apexes and pitch accents (n = 1801). Both analyses compare cues in focus and in background. Results on the falling accents show that steeper slopes are produced in (contrastive) focus compared to in background contexts, indicating a tighter alignment of the f0-fall with the focused constituent. Similarly, results on the temporal alignment show that gesture apexes are more closely aligned with accents in information and contrastive focus than in background. This study not only confirms prosodic hyperarticulation in focus marking in German, it allows H&H-theory to be extended to an additional modality by interpreting the closer apex-accent alignment in focus as multimodal hyperarticulation.
